Stereoscopic plotting machine



Dec. 26, 1950 P. B. KAlL 2,535,213

STEREOSCOPIC PLOTTING MACHINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 27, 1947 INVEN TOR. P/f/L IP 5. K4 /1 ATTOR/YL'Y.

Patented Dec. 26, 1950 sm'r PM ENT oF-Fics S BEREO SEOPI C PLOT'DIN-G MCI-[INK PhilipBilKaii, Denver, Colo.

KDIfliGfi-tiiIl'FJlIXIFZQ, 1947, slikl Nbr'w'z fi l This invention: relates? to: planimetric: plot-- ting: device: tliatiis-gs an". instrument: for accurately layingiout a malpfrom stereoscopically spaced aerialphotographs;

The principal object of the invention istoapfo vide a: simple;v napid ands inexpensiveidevice which cam be: used: by: as. relatively unskilled Opiera-t'or fol: accura-tel'y-v transferring, plani'rnetric" detail fromnaenia'l photographs directly onto? a: map: base. with; all: distortion: due to differences-r in: ground elevations automatically removed;

Ventical aerial: photographs contain.- a wealth ot detail of great-s value: to anymaker or user as maps For: acclimate use;z.however;. some. system:

must be. employed to:- remove thedistortion of" this: detail and to; plot it. accurately in itsvpropen places There are three types of. distortion: (1): pBTSpB'GBiK/Bi or difference in scales-within thephoto dues" to differences: in elevatiomof the-- ground; (2:);- difierencesdniseale between photo graphs-3. due toc loss on gain of-v altitude: of the? camera; and? G3) tip-andatilt due tomovement of the oamera-irom. the verticalz.

Tip and tilt distortions are critioal topo gl'aphio- W-Ofk but inplanimetnic work the displacement is: so. small: that it may be ignored.

Scale difierences. however; due: to difierenoesin elevation; or. relief-L in" the: details. of the: terrain are very si'gnificanh; and prior plotters of the re-- fleeting projector type: require constant correc- :1

tion duringr the plotting. IEhe: principal advantage attained by-thisinvention. is: the automatic.

elimination of-. scale distortions;v due to. differences inigroundii elevations sothatthexresultswill. he-acourate to-the=map scale withoutfunthen. adjustments.

Scale. differences between the. photographic lighoin weight-andrcas-ily portable so that'it'maybeae'asily, and accurately positioned. overv any desired portions; of. the base-map sheet.

Brobabl iz the oldest and best known method ofplot't'ing detail on a map. visual triangu lotion.- fromw twoor. more control stations up'on; the-ground: Lines-oreradiated from thesefixed stations to the various detail of the area, either by means of plane tables or horizontal: transit angles= The: given. detail! islocated onthc: n'ianat: the: intersection of the radiak lines paw-n to. that. detail from: the control stations.-

This inventionempl'oysthis) well-known. radial lineprinciple for. locating. mappoints. from selected controh stations in spaced-apart relation on -a stereoscopic image of stereoscopically related photo graphs;

@thev objectsand advantages reside. in. the

detail construction of? the invention, whichhis designed for simplicity; economy, and efiiciencys These willbecome more appa-rent from the: fol-- lowing, description- Inthe'" following.- detailed. description of the numerals referto like parts. in allviews at theclrawing and throughout the description.

In? the drawing;

Fig 1- is."a-stop plan-- View oif-v the improved. plani metric plotting: dev-ice;

Fig. 2 is a frontview thereof;

Fig.3 is ahonizontal}. sect'i nal view; taken-on the line. 3*3,.'Eig. 2;-

Fig-411s a vertical,-.-cross-sectional view taken onz-the line l l Fi'gv 3;;

Fig. 5 is: sin-enlarged, detail. section, taken on the line Li -Fig; 3;

Fig; 6 is a-Lsiinilarly enlarged, detail section,

taken on the line 6 --6,..Eig, 3}.

Fig. 7'. is ahsimilar. section; taken on. the line Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail section, taken: on

the. line 8 -8 Fig. 2,, showinga pencil plate-:em-- played: in. the device; and

Fig, 9: is a.=detail. sectional view,. taken on the line 9:-'9, Fig. 2. g

The: improvedradial. planimetricl plotting. de-

cular photo plate !6;. andthe right table plate: L5:

supports asimilar. slidable. photo plate. H The photo plates. l6. and H? are provided with clots n!- wardly extending studs l 8, which enter and travel in elongated slots l9 formed in the plates [4 and IS. The slots I9 are aligned with each other in each table plate, and the slots in the two plates are in parallel relation so that the photo plates I 6 and I! may be moved forwardly and back in parallel relation the pre-set length of the slots [9.

The forward studs I 8 in each of the photo plates are threaded to receive lock nuts (see Fig. '7) which can be clamped against the bottom of the table plates to lock the photo plates in either extremity of the slot H).

A rotatable trunnion bearing 2| is secured beneath the center of each table plate by means of an axis bolt 22. The trunnion bearings 2| are separated from the table plates and from the axis bolts by means of anti-friction bearings 23, so that the trunnion bearings 21 may freely rotate without looseness.

A radial lever 24 is secured at its one extremity to each of the trunnion bearings 2| by means of suitable attachment screws 25. The other extremity of each of the levers 24 extends outwardly beyond the periphery of its table plate.

The levers 24 are swung from the movements of a cross bar 26. The cross bar 26 slidably rests upon two parallel horizontal track members 21, there being one track member supported upon suitable posts 28 along the inner edge of each pad portion H. The cross bar 26 carries, adjacent one of its extremities, a pivot pin block 15 which is slidably fitted over a dovetailed top plate 32, there being one of the latter plates 32 secured upon and projecting beyond the sides of the bar 26 adjacent each extremity of the latter. The block 15 can be set in any desired position along the bar 26 by means of a set screw 16, the head of which is shaped to form a pivot pin 29 which extends upwardly into an elongated groove 30 extending longitudinally of the right-hand lever 24.

A movable pin block 3| is mounted on the other extremity of the bar 26. The block 31 is slidably fitted over the other dovetailed top plate 32 adjacent the other extremity of the bar 26 so that the block 3| may be moved longitudinally of the former. The block 3| carries an adjustable pivot pin 33 which travels in a longitudinal groove 34 in the bottom of the left-hand lever 24.

The distance between the pivot pins 29 and 33 may be adjusted by rotation of an elongated nut 35 which is threaded on an adjusting rod 36 extending from the block 3|. The rod 36 extends through supporting ears 31, which prevent endwise movement of the nut 35. The ears 31 are formed on a pencil plate 38. The pencil plate 38 is secured at one extremity to the cross bar 26 by means of a pivot screw 39. A clamp screw 40 is threaded into the cross bar 26 and extends through an arcuate slotted hole 4| in the other extremity of the plate 38, whereby it may be set in any desired position relative to the cross bar 26. The relative position is adjusted by means of adjusting screws 42 which engage the sides of the bar 26 to bring the cross bar 26 into parallel alignment with the longitudinal axis intersecting the centers of the trunnion bearings 2|.

This alignment is maintained by means of parallel linkage. This linkage consists of a first pair of swinging links 43 which are hingedly mounted upon hinge screws 44 extending from a fixed boss 45 upon the left pad portion H. The screws 44 are in alignment with the lateral center line of the table plate I4. The links 43 are simi- 4 lar in length and terminate in hinge screws 46 which hingedly secure them to a cross frame 41. A second pair of parallel links 43 extend from hinge screws 49 on the frame 41 to hinge screws 56 on the pencil plate 38.

Thus, it can be seen that the bar 26 may be freely moved in all directions on the track members 21. It can also be seen that, when once set in parallel alignment with the longitudinal center line between the trunnion bearings 2!, the bar 26 will thereafter maintain this parallel relation at all positions due to the parallel action of the links 43 and 48. The movements of the bar 26 will be transmitted to the levers 24 by the pins 29 and 33 traveling in the grooves 3t and 34 in the lever arms.

The pencil plate 38 carries a pencil holder 5! which extends through an elongated slot 52 therein. The slot 52 is parallel to the slots 19 in the table plates l and i5 and corresponds in length thereto. The pencil holder may be locked at any desired position in its slot 52 by means of a lock nut 53. The pencil holder is designed to hold either a pencil lead 54 or a prick point, as desired.

A radial arm 55 of transparent plastic or similar material is hingedly supported above the free extremity of the left radial lever 24 upon a supporting hinge post 56, and a similar radial arm 57 is similarly supported on a hinge post 58 from the free extremity of the right radial lever 24.

The radial arms 55 and 5! extend radially inward over the upper surfaces of the photo plates 86 and I7, respectively, to the axis thereof. The axial extremities of these arms are perforated to receive center pins 56 having weighted heads 66. The photo plates IE and H are each provided with two center holes GI and 62 into which the pins 59 extend. The holes 6! and 62 are spaced apart a distance equal to the length of the slots l9 and 52. Each radial arm 55 and 57 is provided with a longitudinally extending radial line 63 which is printed, marked, or engraved thereon. I

The stereoscopic viewing portion of the invention forms no part of the present invention. Any suitable stereoscopic lens and reflecting system may be used. The system illustrated on the drawing is described and illustrated more in detail in Patent No. 2,263,971 which was issued November 25, 1941, and in which the present applicant appears as a co-inventor.

The stereoscopic system is supported on posts '64 which extend upwardly from the pad portions ii. The posts 64 support a pair of parallel bars 55 which extend horizontally across the rear portion of the base plate It parallel to the longitudinal axis of the device.

The bars 65 support a pair of adjustable view mirrors 66. The mirrors are mounted on adjustable bracket members l4 which are slidable along the bars 65. The bars 65 also support a stereoscopic eye piece frame 6'! which i also slidable along the bars and may be set in any desired position thereon by means of a set screw 68. 69 provided with the usual stereoscopic objective lenses and mirrors or prisms for receiving the reflected images from the mirrors 66 and directing them into the eyes of the operator. The frame 67 also carries a pair of adjustable headsupporting cushions 70 against which the forehead of the operator rests while he is looking through the eye pieces 69.

The detail construction and arrangement of- The frame 6'? supports a pair of eye pieces 5 parts, of the mirror the bars '65, t'he eye pieces 69, and -the cushions m ho part "i the present invention and are escapee nicre in 'detail in the afor'einentioned p Patent No". 222 3 971;

Operation .A left stereoscopic 'pri'r-i't'lll is placed on the left photo plate 1.6; and a 'frignt"stereoscopic print 12 is placed on tli'e right'fphot'o vplate!"'l. The centers. of "the respective .pririts-areipierced with the centeripins 59 etftneraaiai -armsf55 and 51, with the pins e'htiifigthfiih Holes 61 m the photofplatesfil na 11. nine-are revolved -uiitil1 their transverse area a ma with an ima inary line qrawnthrougntne axesor the centergpins' and" are then ifastned "t the plates by 'means 'o""S"c'0tc apetab's 13*,"01" in any other desiredmanner', so that theradial' arms 55 and .51 Iwill"move'frreem-over "their surfaces. "The'iphoto printsarefriow "ti'ev've'd through the stereoscopic" eye pieces '69, and the opticals'ystem is adjusted as 'usiial tdbring them 'i'ritoper fect stereoscopicrelief. Should the *photos'b'e found tO bGTGH" different scales, "the eyepiece frame 61 'is moved alongthebars I55 andset, by means of the s'etscrew fiiifto'compnsate forthis conditioni-"" The result is a stereoscopic imageof the-photographed terrain with the "twe -radial linesta superimposed thereon. Since these two lines radiate fr'om different centers, they 'cross each other, except attheloirgitudinal axis-of the plotter. *Asthc-peiicil holder "51 is rhovdfthse radiallines'pivot abeumne center pinsas control points; and the point of-- intersectiomtherebetween movesin corresponfience with thehiove ments'of the-pencilz 'The' plotteris --now placed onthe base map sheet, and --the-cnnecting po'intsarepriented between the stereoscopio ima'g e and the map by moving the plotter-over the niapr- Sho'u1d it *be found that "the scaleo'f th phbtographic' 'image differs fro'm "the scale a he ni ap; the rormer can be brought into re st rotating-the iiut 35. I -hi rigs the ra'dialarms toward or awae-rrem aeh otheri-to 'change' the position o'f the' intersection 'betweeh the radial 1in'e's-63' -to correspond to the isciile-of th inap;" When the l'plotter has' beem oriented and iset stereoscopic image be'tween the i centers may be drawnoifon the niaip keeping the intersection of the ra'dial he's SS at the detailito be mapped by thepencilr- The detail is 'drawn on the --map to exact s'ca1e without -iurther -ad just mentnru "133,-? J; 1 .2 T 1w The intersection-of he two-radiallines 1s -clear and --distinct 'except forzia arrow" b'andi approximatlywidezat rthezaxisrbetween the acenters: In this area, the twoalinesr areiso'hearly in alignment that it is difiicult to accurately locate the exact point oiss'inters'eetio'n the'reof; :Therefore, after the i'entire area has \Lbeen drawn on ion both sides 0 a are-lifted d the photoirpl'ates"-l fi 'and H are shiftedforwardly the' leng-thofsthe =slots=l 9.6%) The center pins' :59-- are then inserted through the prints int'o lthe seco'ndi center holes ":62; s'lhe pencil holder 151 iswfalso azshifted forwardly in its 51011 52 to re aligntthecpencil with the :map detail, and locked inithe' 'new position 103 the lock nut :53. 'I he plotting isanow :proceeded with to cover theinarrow-rcentral sbandp :ahe pimblo'ck1S is ismy use'd for roughtplace with :the -iaaer br V is inarrow band; theicenter pins 6. ment of the pencil location :andto adjust the latter to the approximate middle of the plotter. fine sea-1e adjustmentsrareallmadewith the utlss zr 2:

rs one of the main advantages of the radial planimetricplotter is its easeof operation. Itre quires no "highly trained" operator. to see stereoscopically may begin operation at n e :1 v 2..1

"Speed is another big advantage. In comparison' with the reflecting projector type, this speed is especially noticeable in hilly or mountainous countryfias there is rn'ot the necessity of constant ly' adjusting :for scale for the two intersecting lines '63 inove on a perfectly level'plane overthe terrain of the stereoscopic image and measuremerits-"on 'thislevl*plane are not effected by changes inground elevation; Only a minimum creche-01 is necessary; and the photographs :need

not be det ailed beiorehand; The-radial 'pla'ni m'etr'ic plotter isalso faster than floating dot types of plotters because-'it'is not necessary to- 1. A planimetric plotting device comprising: two 'spa'ced ap'art photogpla'te's; an aerial photograph 'on each plate, said-photographs being stereoscopicall'y related; .a pivot'memioer mounted at tlie centei' ofeach'photograpm' a radial arm extending from each .pivotrne'mber, said arms being rotatable about their pivot members over thesurface of said photographs; 2. line carried byeach ari'nintersectingthe pivot thereof; slidable means arranged to move along the axis of each arm; a cross bar connecting th'e'slidable means of one arm to thesame means on the otherjarin, said crossbar having'twmdimen'sional movement; means maintaining said cross bar in fiire'd-reationto a line connecting said centers? a-m'evapie map-marking'det'ice; and means for tra'nsniittihg' the niove'nients ofsaid marking de vice to said cross bar. J2.,A v planirnetric plotting device comprising: two spaced-vapar't photo plates; an'aerial photograpn o'n "each plate, said photographs being stereoscopically related; a pivot membermounted at'the center of eachphotograph; a radial arr'n extending from each pivot member, said arms being rotatable about their pivot members over the surface of saidphotographs; a line carried byeaeharm intersecting the pivot thereof; slidablemeansarranged to move along the'axis of each arm; a cross bar connecting the slidable meansof .one arm to the .same means on the otherarm, said cross bar having two-dimensional'movement; means maintaining said cross bar in fixed relation'to .a line connecting said centers; amovable map-marking device; means for transmitting the movements of said marking device to said crossbar; andrneans for varying the spacing -.of said .slidable means along said bar.

planimetric plotting device comprising: a first' photo platesupporting a left stereoscopic photograph;- a second photo table supporting a rightstereoscopicphotograph; means forstereo Anyone able.

claimed and desired secured by Letters Patent scopically viewing the two photographs; a pivot device at the center of each photograph; a radial arm extending from each pivot device over each photograph; a radial lever positioned below each photo plate and below each radial arm, the outer extremity of each lever being connected to the outer extremity of one of said arms, the other extremity of each lever being pivoted on an axis coinciding with the axis of the pivot of its arm; a cross bar extending across both levers; connecting means connecting each lever with said bar, said connecting means being movable longitudinally-of said levers; a marking device supported from said cross bar; means for movably supporting said cross bar; and means for maintaining the longitudinal axis of said cross bar parallel with an axis intersecting said two pivot means.

4. A planimetric plotting device comprising: a first photo plate supporting a left stereoscopic photograph; a second photo table supporting a right stereoscopic photograph; means for stereoscopically viewing the two photographs; a pivot device at the center of each photograph; a radial arm extending from each pivot device over each photograph; a radial lever positioned below each photo plate and below each radial arm, the outer extremity of each lever being connected to the outer extremity of one of said arms, the other extremity of each lever being pivoted on an axis coinciding with the axis of the pivot of its arm;

a cross bar extending across both levers; connecting means connecting each lever with said bar, said connecting means being movable longitudinally of said levers; a marking device supported from said cross bar; tracks slidably supporting said cross bar so that the latter may move both laterally and longitudinally; and a system of parallel links hingedly connected to said cross bar and acting to maintain said cross bar parallel with an axis intersecting the two pivot means at all positions of movement of said cross bar.

A planimetric plotting device comprising: a base member; a left table plate mounted above one extremity of said base member; a right table plate mounted above the other extremity of said base member; a rotatable trunnion bearing mounted below the center of each table plate; a radial lever secured at one extremity to each trunnion bearing and extending radially outward beyond the periphery of each table plate; a cross bar extending across both radial levers; pins carried by said cross bar and slidably engaging said levers; a pencil holder mounted on said'cross bar; a radial arm secured to the outer extremity of each lever and extending inwardly over each table plate to a pivotal mounting in alignment with the axis of each trunnion bearing; a radial line on each radial arm; means for slidably supporting said cross arm; and means for maintaining said cross arm parallel with a line intersecting the axes of both said trunnion bearings.

6. A planimetric plotting device comprising: a base member; a left table plate mounted above one extremity of said base member; a right table plate mounted above the other extremity of said base member; rotatable trunnion bearing mounted below the center of each table plate; a radial lever secured at one extremity to each trunnion bearing and extending radially outward beyond the periphery of each table plate; a cross bar extending across both radial levers; pins carried by said cross bar and slidably engaging said levers; a pencil holder mounted on said cross bar; a radialarm secured to the outer extremity of each lever and extending inwardly over each table plate to a pivotal mounting in alignment with the axis of each trunnion bearing; a, radial line on each radial arm; means for slidably supporting said cross arm; means for maintaining said cross arm parallel with a line intersecting the axes of both said trunnion bearings; and means for varying the distance between the pins on said cross arm.

7. A planimetric plotting device comprising: a base member; a left. table plate mounted above one extremity of said base member; a right table plate mounted above the other extremity of said base member; a rotatable trunnion bearing mounted below the center of each table plate; a radial lever secured at one extremity to each trunnion bearing and extending radially outward beyond the periphery of each table plate; cross bar extendingacross both radial levers;

pins carried by said cross bar and slidably enradial arm.

8. A planimetric plotting device comprising: a base member; a left tableplate mounted above one extremity of said base member; a right table plate mounted above the other extremity of said base member; a rotatable trunnion bearing mounted below the center of each table plate; a radial lever .secured at one extremity to each trunnion bearing and extending radially outward beyond the periphery of each table plate; a cross bar extending across both radial levers; pins carried by said cross bar and slidably engaging said levers; a photo plate supported by each table plate, each photo plate being provided with a center pin socket; a radial arm hingedlysecured to the outer extremity of each radial lever so as to swing over said photo plate; a pivot pin extending throughthe inner extremity of each radial arm into the pin socket of its respective photo plate a radial line carried by each radial arm; studs extending downward from each photo plate into elongated guide slots in each table plate so that said photo plates may be moved forwardly: thereon, said photo plates being provided with a second pin socket for receiving said pin when the photo plates are moved forwardly on said table plates; a pencil plate mounted on said cross bar at the mid-portion of the latter; marking means movably mounted on said pencil plate; and means for securing said marking means at any desired spaced relation with said cross bar. 3

. 9. A planimetric plotting device comprising: a base member; a table plate supported above each extremity of said base member; a stereoscopic viewin device supported from said base member above said table plates; a photo plate slidably mounted on each table plate so as to be movable forward and backward thereon; a pair of spaced-apart slide tracks extending transversally across said base member below said table plates; a cross bar lying on said slide tracks; two pairs of parallel links extending from a hinged connection with said cross bar to a hinged connecti'oniwith said .base plate to maintain the tormerparallel with a longitudinal-axis intersectingthe centers or the two table. plates; a central bearing device-mountedlbelow each table plate on said longitudinal axis; a lever extending from each bearing device radially outward beyond the periphery of its respective plate, said levers lying across said cross bar; a hinge post extendin upward from the free extremity of .each lever; a transparent radial arm extending from each hinge post radially inward to the center of each photo plate; a radialline carried by each arm;- a center pin extending through the axis extremity of each arm in a central pin sockettin' each photo plate; a pencil holder supported: from the mid-portion: of said crossbar; and means communicating the movements of said crossbar to said levers.

10. Acplanimetric plotting device comprising: a base member; a table plate supported above each extremity of said base member; a stereoscopic viewing device supported from said base member above said table plates; a photo plate slidably mounted on each table plate so as to be movable forward and backward thereon; a pair of spaced-apart slide tracks extending transversally across said base member below said table plates; a cross bar lying on said slide tracks; two pairs of parallel links extending from a hinged connection with said cross bar to a hinged connection with said base plate to maintain the former parallel with a longitudinal axis intersecting the centers of the two table plates; a central bearing device mounted below each table plate on said longitudinal axis; a lever extending from each bearing device radially outward beyond the periphery of its respective plate, said levers lying across said cross bar; a hinge post extending upward from the free extremity of each lever; a transparent radial arm extending from each hinge post radially inward to the center of each photo plate; a radial line carried by each arm: a center pin extending through the axis extremity of each arm in a central pin socket in each photo plate; a pencil holder supported from the mid-portion of said cross bar; pin-supporting members mounted on said cross bar at the points where the latter intersects said levers; and a pin extendin upward from each pin-supporting member into slidable engagement with a longitudinally extending groove in each lever to communicate the movements of said cross bar to said levers.

11. A planimetric plotting device comprising: a base member; a table plate su ported above each extremity of said base member; a stereo scopic viewing device supported from said base member above said table plates; a photo plate slidably mounted. on each table plate so as to be movable forward and backward thereon; a pair of spaced-apart slide tracks extending transversally across said base member below said table plates; a cross bar lying on said slide tracks; two pairs of parallel links extending from a hinged connection with said cross bar to a hinged connection with said base plate to maintain the former parallel with a longitudinal axis intersecting the centers of the two table plates; a central bearing device mounted below each table plate on said longitudinal axis; a lever extending from each bearing device radially outward beyond the periphery of its respective plate, said levers lying across said cross bar; a hinge post extending up ward from the free extremity of each lever; a transparent radial arm extending from each hinge post radially inward to the center of each photo plate; a radiallinecarried by each arm; a center pin extending: through the axis extremity of each arm: in acentral pin socket in each photo plate; a pencil holder supported from the mid-portion of said cross bar; pin-supporting members mounted onsaid cross-bar at thepoints wherethe latter intersects said levers; a pinextending upward from each pin-supportingmember into slidable engagement with a longitudi n'ally extending, groove: in each lever to communicate the movements of: said cross bar tosaid levers, said pin suppo'rting members beingadjustable along said crossbar; and meansfor setting said pin-supporting members in any desired spaced relation upon said cross bar.

12; A planimetricplotting device comprising: a basemember; a table plate supported above each extremity of said; base member; a. stereoscopic viewing device supported from said base member above said table plates; a photo plate slidably mounted on each table plate so as to be movable forward and backward thereon; a pair of spacedapart slide tracks extending transversally across said base member below said table plates; a cross bar lying on said slide tracks; two pairs of parallel links extending from a hinged connection with said cross bar to a hinged connection with said base plate to maintain the former parallel with a longitudinal axis intersectin the centers of the two table plates; a central bearing device mounted below each table plate on said longitudinal axis; a lever extending from each bearing device radially outward beyond the periphery of its respective plate, said levers lying across said cross bar; a hinge post extending upward from the free extremity of each lever; a transparent radial arm extending from each hinge post radially inward to the center of each photo plate; a radial line carried by each arm; a center pin extending through the axis extremity of each arm in a central pin socket in each photo plate; a pencil plate pivotally mounted on said cross bar intermediate the extremities of the latter, said pencil plate being hingedly connected to one of said pairs of parallel links and acting to connect the latter to said cross bar; means for securing said pencil plate to said cross bar at a position relative to its pivot to align the cross bar with the longitudinal axis; a pencil holder vertically supported by said pencil plate; and means carried by said cross bar and slidably engaging said levers and actin to transmit the movements of the former to the latter.

13. In a planimetric plotting device of the type having means for supporting right and left stereoscopic photographs in side-by-side relation before a stereoscopic viewer, means for locating points on a map positioned between said photographs by triangulation from control points on said photographs, comprising: a radial lever pivoted at the control point of each photograph; a cross bar extending between the two levers; connecting means connecting each lever with said cross bar, said connecting means being freely movable along the length of each lever; a fixed support; a series of hinged, parallel links extend ing from said support to a connection with said cross bar and acting to maintain said cross bar in fixed relation with a line connecting said control points, said bar bein otherwise freely movable in all directions in a common plane; mapmarking means supported from said bar over said map; and means for varying the distance between said marking means and said connecting means.

14. In a planimetric plotting device of the type having means for supporting right and left stereoscopic photographs in side-by-side relation before a stereoscopic viewer, means for locating points on a map positioned between said photographs by triangulation from control points on said photographs, comprising: a radial lever pivoted at the control point of each photograph; a cross bar extending between the two levers; connecting means connecting each lever with said cross bar, said connecting means being freely movable along the length of each lever; a fixed support; a series of hinged, parallel links extending from said support to a connection with said cross bar and acting to maintain said cross bar in fixed relation with a line connectin said control points, said bar being otherwise freely movable in all directions in a common plane; mapmarking means supported from said bar over said REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,090,493 Von Orel Mar. 17, 1914 1,827,551 Wulkow Oct. 13, 1931 2,044,114 Bagley June 16, 1936 2,152,309 Von Gruber Mar. 28, 1939 2,196,723

Corlett Apr. 9, 1940 

